THE IMPACT OF GENETIC EDITING ON PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

Abstract

The emergence of genetic editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, has revolutionized personalized medicine by enabling precise, programmable interventions in the human genome. This innovation has shifted healthcare from reactive, generalized treatments to predictive, individualized therapies based on a patient’s genetic blueprint. Personalized medicine now encompasses not only pharmacogenomic tailoring but also the correction of genetic defects underlying rare diseases, cancer, and immune disorders.This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of CRISPR-Cas9 based gene editing through the integration of quantitative performance metrics target accuracy, delivery efficiency, off-target rates, and therapeutic score across multiple experimental gene batches. A mathematical scoring model was developed to assess therapeutic efficacy, and hybrid visualizations were used to interpret performance across genomic targets and delivery conditions.Results indicated that CRISPR achieved target accuracy exceeding 90% in most cases, with delivery efficiency consistently above 85% and off-target mutation rates remaining below 3%. Therapeutic scores were highest in edits with optimized vector delivery and minimal off-target effects, validating the robustness of CRISPR for clinical translation. Comparisons among editing platforms further confirmed CRISPR’s superiority over TALENs and ZFNs in precision and consistency.These findings underscore the transformative potential of gene editing in advancing disease treatment, early diagnosis, and preventive care. However, challenges related to ethical governance, affordability, and regulatory standardization remain critical barriers to widespread clinical adoption. Addressing these concerns through coordinated global oversight and inclusive policy development will be essential to ensuring equitable access and responsible use. Genetic editing stands poised to redefine the future of medicine, but its success depends not only on scientific advancement, but also on societal readiness and regulatory foresight.